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  February 2008 EAP Topic
"Does My Teen Have an Eating Disorder?"
 


The majority of eating disorders begin in adolescence. Teens who suffer from eating disorders often do not receive the help they need because they deny that they have problems. You can encourage your teen or other family member to begin treatment for his or her eating disorder if you can spot the warning signs. The earlier a patient enters treatment, the more hopeful the outcome and the less damaging the consequences.

According to the American Anorexia Bulimia Association, Inc. you should be concerned if your teen experiences these issues:

  • A significant amount of weight loss

  • Continuous dieting even though he or she is already thin

  • Feeling fat, even after they have lost weight

  • Intense fear of weight gain

  • Loss of monthly menstrual periods for two or more months

  • A preoccupation with food, calories, fat and nutrition

  • Preferring to diet in isolation and secrecy

  • Cooking for others

  • Hair loss

  • Cold hands and feet

  • Fainting spells

  • Compulsive exercising

  • Lying about or hiding food

  • Feeling depressed or anxious

  • Feeling weak or exhausted

  • Experiencing periods of hyperactivity

  • Constipation

  • Growth of fine body hair on arms, legs and other body parts

  • Heart tremors

  • Dry, brittle skin

  • Shortness of breath

  • For more information on eating disorders contact the American Anorexia Bulimia Association, Inc. at www.aabainc.org.

     

    Compulsive Eating Disorder

     

    Many people have a tendency to occasionally eat more than they should or to choose unhealthy foods and snacks. However, those who cannot seem to control their food intake may suffer from compulsive eating disorder. Left untreated, this condition can lead to obesity and serious health problems. Several treatment options are available to help sufferers overcome this illness.

     

     

    Understanding Compulsive Eating Disorder

    Compulsive eating disorder is characterized by the uncontrollable urge to eat large amounts of food (especially unhealthy foods high in calories, fat and sugar) in a short period of time, leading to weight gain. It often is called binge-eating disorder and is referred to by some as food addiction. A typical binge may involve eating anywhere from 3,000 to 10,000 calories in less than 40 minutes. Unlike bulimics, compulsive overeaters do not attempt self-induced vomiting (or purging) after they have eaten. They usually are aware of their problem, but feel like it is out of their control.

    Binge eaters often are misunderstood as simply lacking willpower or having hedonistic appetites. Actually, sufferers of this disorder usually eat as a way of acting out their feelings or suppressing or expressing deeper unresolved emotional problems, including stress, past abuse and low self-esteem. Overeating behaviors often begin in early childhood, when eating patterns first form.

    Many compulsive eaters use food as a way to cope with fears and anxieties. These stressful feelings can stimulate a strong appetite to eat. Those who compulsively overeat may use food as a way to reward themselves, boost their self-esteem or garner attention from others. They may eat compulsively to develop an obese appearance as a defense mechanism to repel people and their unwanted attention. Research shows this behavior is common among women who have been victims of sexual abuse.

    Compulsive eating disorder affects men and women of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds. Currently in America, about 35 percent of women and 31 percent of men are obese, many due to a compulsive eating disorder. North Americans spend more than $35 billion annually to lose weight via dieting and exercise programs, yet most relapse into their old compulsive eating behaviors because they have failed to acknowledge and treat the emotional sources of their problems. Left untreated, compulsive overeaters usually develop serious health conditions, including heart disease and Type II diabetes. Symptoms of compulsive eating disorder include:

  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating.
  • Eating much more rapidly than normal.
  • Eating until feeling uncomfortably full.
  • Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry.
  • Eating alone or in secret because of being embarrassed by how much one is eating.
  • Feeling disgusted, depressed or very guilty after overeating.
  • Binge eating at least two days a week for six months.
  • Not attempting to purge, fast or excessively exercise after a binge episode.
  • Feeling loss of control over eating during the binge episode.
  • Eating as a reaction to stress, emotions and conflicts.
  • Often feeling guilty, defensive, irritable, restless, moody, withdrawn and/or depressed.

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    Treatment Options

    Compulsive overeating is a disease. Once a sufferer is willing to admit he or she has a problem and is committed to seeking help and following through with a recommended treatment plan, the disorder can be managed and controlled. If you are experiencing symptoms of compulsive overeating, do not be afraid to seek help. Your physician should be able to coordinate an effective treatment plan and refer you to any necessary specialists.

    Treatment options for compulsive overeating include:

  • Individual therapy. Talking to a therapist about your problems can be very effective. Through therapy, you may be able to identify unresolved problems, understand the root causes behind your eating disorder, reverse negative thought patterns, improve coping skills, boost self-esteem and body image and manage your stress. One proven option is cognitive behavioral therapy, including an approach called systematic desensitization, which can teach a compulsive overeater to avoid unhealthy foods.
  • Group and family therapy. By talking to other eating-disorder sufferers and opening up to loved ones, you can learn to share coping tips, dispel preconceived notions about eating behaviors and improve interpersonal relationships.
  • Nutritional, dietary and fitness therapy. Your doctor or a nutritional expert can help design a dietary program and teach you skills to avoid binge trigger foods. They also can recommend the appropriate exercises and fitness activities to lose weight and reverse health problems.
  • Support groups. Involvement in an eating-disorder support group like Overeaters Anonymous can help make you feel more accepted and understood and provide you with educational resources to learn more about your condition.
  • Medication. Experts have found some medications, including antidepressants, to help curb the compulsion to overeat. Ask your doctor whether medication would be helpful to you.
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    Coping Tips 

    Try these suggestions to help manage your compulsive eating disorder:

  • Get educated. The more you learn about your condition, including symptoms, treatment options and new research, the better you will be able to control it. Ask for more literature from your doctor, and read up on related articles on the Internet or your local library.
  • Chart your behavior. Keep a journal or log of your eating patterns: what you ate, where and when you ate it, with whom you ate and why you ate what you did. Share your observations with your therapist. Include a total of your daily caloric intake.
  • Tap into your feelings. Try to identify your emotions before, during and after you overeat: was there a certain stress, fear or thought that preoccupied you? Record these observations in your journal.
  • Substitute binge eating with a healthier behavior. Try to discipline yourself to engage in a constructive behavior when you feel the need to overeat. Take up an artistic hobby. Join a yoga class. Take walks. Participate in a fun sport. Reach out to a member of your support group.
  • Get in shape. Aim to appreciate your body, and focus on healthy living without being too concerned about an attractive image. Start up and stick to a safe exercise routine under the guidance of your doctor.
  • Try to eat with others. It may be easier to resist the urge to overeat if you dine with others and engage in healthy conversation. Twelve-step groups have a saying: "An addict alone is in bad company."
  • Surround yourself with supportive people. Ask family members and friends to be sensitive to your condition and to continue to encourage (without nagging) your positive eating behaviors. Avoid people, places (e.g., favorite restaurants) and situations (e.g., a work-sponsored ice-cream social) that may tempt you to binge.
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    Eating-disorder Resources

    For more information on eating disorders, contact these organizations:

  • National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders (ANAD): (847) 831-3438 or www.anad.org;
  • National Eating Disorders Association: (800) 931-2237 or www.nationaleatingdisorders.org; or
  • Overeaters Anonymous World Service Office: (505) 891-2664 or www.overeatersanonymous.org.
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    ©2007 ComPsych® Corporation. All rights reserved. This information is for educational purposes only. It is always important to consult with the appropriate professional on financial, medical, legal, behavioral or other issues. As you read this information, it is your responsibility to make sure that the facts and ideas apply to your situation.

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